Course info

PART-I: Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

Applied Basic Sciences:

Applied Anatomy of Head and Neck:

• Development of face, paranasal sinuses and the associated structures and their anomalies, cranial and facial bones, TMJ anatomy and function, arterial and venous drainage of head and neck, muscles of face and neck including muscles of mastication and deglutition, brief consideration of structures and function of brain. Brief consideration of all cranial nerves and autonomic nervous system of head and neck. Salivary glands, Functional anatomy of mastication, deglutition and speech. Detailed anatomy of deciduous and permanent teeth, general consideration in physiology of permanent dentition, form, function, alignment, contact, occlusion.

• Internal anatomy of permanent teeth and its significance.

• Applied histology – histology of skin, oral mucosa, connective tissue, bone, cartilage,

blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, muscles, tongue.

Anatomy and Development of Teeth:

• Enamel – development and composition, physical characteristics, chemical properties, structure.

• Age changes – clinical structure.

• Dentin – development, physical and chemical properties, structure type of dentin,

innervations, age and functional changes and clinical considerations.

• Pulp – development, histological structures, innervations, functions, regressive changes,

clinical considerations.

• Dentin and pulp complex.

• Cementum – composition, cementogenesis, structure, function, clinical considerations.

• Knowledge of internal anatomy of permanent teeth, anatomy of root apex and its

implications in endodontic treatment.

• Periodontal ligament – development, structure, function and clinical considerations.

• Salivary glands – structure, function, clinical considerations.

Applied Physiology:

• Mastication, deglutition, digestion and assimilation, fluid and electrolyte balance.

• Blood composition, volume, function, blood groups, haemostasis, coagulation, blood transfusion, circulation, heart, pulse, blood pressure, shock, respiration-control, anoxia, hypoxia, asphyxia, artificial respiration, and endocrinology – general principles of endocrine activity and disorders relating to pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals

including pregnancy and lactation.

• Physiology of saliva – composition, function, clinical significance.

• Clinical significance of vitamins, diet and nutrition – balanced diet.

• Physiology of pain, sympathetic and Para sympathetic nervous system, pain pathways,

physiology of pulpal pain, Odontogenic and non Odontogenic pain, pain disorders –

typical and atypical.

• Biochemistry such as osmotic pressure, electrolytic dissociation, oxidation, reduction etc.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and their metabolism, nucleoproteins, nucleic acid and their metabolism. Enzymes, vitamins and minerals, metabolism of inorganic elements, detoxification in the body, anti metabolites, chemistry of blood lymph and urine.

Pathology:

• Inflammation, repair, degeneration, necrosis and gangrene.

• Circulatory disturbances – ischemia, hyperemia, edema, thrombosis, embolism,

infarction, allergy and hypersensitivity reaction.

• Neoplasms – classifications of tumors, characteristics of benign and malignant tumors,

spread of tumors.

• Blood dyscrasias.

• Developmental disturbances of oral and Para oral structures, dental caries, regressive

changes of teeth, pulp, periapical pathology, pulp reaction to dental caries and dental

procedures.

• Bacterial, viral, mycotic infections of the oral cavity.

Microbiology:

• Pathways of pulpal infection, oral flora and micro organisms associated with endodontic diseases, pathogenesis, host defense, bacterial virulence factors, healing, theory of focal infections, microbes relevance to dentistry – strepto, staphylococci, lactobacilli, cornyebacterium, actinomycetes, clostridium, neisseria, vibrio, bacteriods, fusobacteria, spirochetes, mycobacterium, virus and fungi.

• Cross infection, infection control, infection control procedure, sterilization and disinfection.

• Immunology – antigen antibody reaction, allergy, hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, auto immunity, grafts, viral hepatitis, HIV infections and aids. Identification and isolation of microorganisms from infected root canals. Culture medium and culturing technique

(Aerobic and anaerobic interpretation and antibiotic sensitivity test).

Pharmacology:

• Dosage and route of administration of drugs, actions and fate of drug in body, drug addiction, tolerance of hypersensitivity reactions.

• Local anesthesia – agents and chemistry, pharmacological actions, fate and metabolism of anaesthetic, ideal properties, techniques and complications.

• General anesthesia – pre medications, neuro muscular blocking agents, induction agents, inhalation anesthesia, and agents used, assessment of anesthetic problems in medically compromised patients.

• Anaesthetic emergencies

• Antihistamines, corticosteroids, chemotherapeutic and antibiotics, drug resistance,

haemostasis, and haemostatic agents, anticoagulants, sympathomimitic drugs, vitamins and minerals (A, B, C, D, E, K IRON), anti sialogogue, immunosupressants, drug interactions, antiseptics, disinfectants, anti viral agents, drugs acting on CNS.

Biostatistics:

• Introduction, Basic concepts, Sampling, Health information systems – collection, compilation, presentation of data. Elementary statistical methods – presentation of statistical data, Statistical averages – measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, Normal distribution. Tests of significance – parametric and non – parametric tests (Fisher extract test, Sign test, Median test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis one way analysis, Friedmann two way analysis, ANOVA, Regression analysis), Correlation and regression,Use of computers.

Research Methodology:

• Essential features of a protocol for research in humans

• Experimental and non-experimental study designs

• Ethical considerations of research Applied Dental Materials:

• Physical and mechanical properties of dental materials, biocompatibility.

• Impression materials, detailed study of various restorative materials, restorative resin and recent advances in composite resins, bonding- recent developments, tarnish and

corrosion, dental amalgam, direct filling gold, casting alloys, inlay wax, die materials, investments, casting procedures, defects, dental cements for restoration and pulp protection (luting, liners, bases) cavity varnishes.

• Dental ceramics-recent advances, finishing and polishing materials.

• Dental burs – design and mechanics of cutting – other modalities of tooth preparation.

Methods of testing biocompatibility of materials used.

 

PART-I: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

A. Applied Basic Sciences:

Applied Anatomy:

a. Prenatal growth of head:

Stages of embryonic development, origin of head, origin of face, origin of teeth.

b. Postnatal growth of head:

Bones of skull, the oral cavity, development of chin, the hyoid bone, general growth of head, growth of the face.

c. Bone growth:

Origin of bone, composition of bone, units of bone structure, schedule of Ossification, mechanical properties of bone, roentgen graphic appearance of bone

d. Assessment of growth and development:

Growth prediction, growth spurts, the concept of normality and growth increments of growth, differential growth, gradient of growth, methods of gathering growth data. Theories of growth and recent advances, factors affecting physical growth.

e. Muscles of mastication:

Development of muscles, muscle change during growth, muscle function and facial development, muscle function and malocclusion

f. Development of dentition and occlusion:

Dental development periods, order of tooth eruption, chronology of permanent tooth formation, periods of occlusal development, pattern of occlusion.

g. Assessment of skeletal age.

Physiology:

a. Endocrinology and its disorders:

Growth hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, ACTH.

b. Calcium and its metabolism:

c. Nutrition-metabolism and their disorders:

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals

d. Muscle physiology:

e. Craniofacial Biology:

Adhesion molecules and mechanism of adhesion

f. Bleeding disorders in orthodontics: Hemophilia

Dental Materials:

a. Gypsum products:

Dental plaster, dental stone and their properties, setting reaction etc.

b. Impression materials:

Impression materials in general and particularly of alginate impression material.

c. Acrylics:

Chemistry, composition physical properties

d. Composites:

Composition types, properties, setting reaction

e. Banding and bonding cements:

f. Wrought metal alloys:

Deformation, strain hardening, annealing, recovery, recrystallization, grain growth,

properties of metal alloys

g. Orthodontic arch wires

h. Elastics:

Latex and non-latex elastics.

i. Applied physics, Bioengineering and metallurgy:

j. Specification and tests methods used for materials used in Orthodontics:

k. Survey of all contemporary literature and recent advances in above mentioned

materials:

Genetics:

a. Cell structure, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, cell division

b. Chromosomal abnormalities

c. Principles of orofacial genetics

d. Genetics in malocclusion

e. Molecular basis of genetics

f. Studies related to malocclusion

g. Recent advances in genetics related to malocclusion

h. Genetic counseling

i. Bioethics and relationship to Orthodontic management of patients.

Physical Anthropology:

a. Evolutionary development of dentition

b. Evolutionary development of jaws.

Pathology:

a. Inflammation b. Necrosis

Biostatistics:

a. Statistical principles

• Data Collection

• Method of presentation

• Method of Summarizing

• Methods of analysis – different tests/errors

b. Sampling and Sampling technique

c. Experimental models, design and interpretation

d. Development of skills for preparing clear concise and cognent scientific abstracts and

publication

Applied Research Methodology In Orthodontics:

a. Experimental design

b. Animal experimental protocol

c. Principles in the development, execution and interpretation of

methodologies in Orthodontics

d. Critical Scientific appraisal of literature.

Applied Pharmacology

Definitions & terminologies used – Dosage and mode of administration of drugs. Action and fate of drugs in the body, Drug addiction, tolerance and hypersensitive reactions, Drugs acting on the central nervous system, general anesthetics hypnotics, analeptics and tranquilizers. Local anesthetics, Chemotherapeutics and antibiotics. Vitamins: A, D, B – complex group, C & K etc.

 

 

Part I Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry

A) Applied Basic Sciences:

Applied Anatomy of Head and Neck:

• Anatomy of the scalp, temple and face

• Anatomy of the triangles of neck and deep structures of the neck

• Cranial and facial bones and its surrounding soft tissues with its applied aspects

• Muscles of head and neck

• Arterial supply, venous drainage and lymphatics of head and neck

• Congenital abnormalities of the head and neck

• Anatomy of the cranial nerves

• Anatomy of the tongue and its applied aspects

• Anatomy and its applied aspects of salivary glands, pharynx, thyroid and parathyroid

gland, larynx, trachea, esophagus

• Autonomous nervous system of head and neck

• Functional anatomy of mastication, deglutition, speech, respiration and circulation

• TMJ: anatomy and function

Applied Physiology:

Introduction, Mastication, deglutition, digestion and assimilation, Homeostasis, fluid and electrolyte balance. Blood composition, volume, function, blood groups and hemorrhage, Blood transfusion, circulation, Heart, Pulse, Blood pressure, Normal ECG,capillary and lymphatic circulation, shock, respiration, control, anoxia, hypoxia, asphyxia, artificial respiration. Endocrine glands in particular reference to pituitary, parathyroid and thyroid glands and sex hormones. Role of calcium and Vit D in growth and development of teeth, bone and jaws.Role of Vit.A, C and B complex in oral mucosal and periodontal health.Physiology and function of the masticatory system. Speech mechanism, swallowing and deglutition mechanism, salivary glands and Saliva

Applied Pathology:

Inflammation and chemical mediators, Thrombosis, Embolism, Necrosis, Repair, Degeneration , Shock, Hemorrhage , Blood dyscrasias, Pathogenesis of Dental Caries, Periodontal diseases, tumors, oral mucosal lesions etc. in children

Applied Microbiology:

Microbiology & Immunology as related to Oral Diseases in Children: Basic concepts, immune system in human body, Auto Immune diseases and Immunology of Dental caries.

Applied Nutrition & Dietics:

• General principles, balanced diet, effect of dietary deficiencies and starvation, protein energy, malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, Marasmus.

• Fluid and Electrolytic balance in maintaining haemostasis

• Diet, digestion, absorption, transportation and utilization

Genetics:

• Introduction to genetics

• Cell structure, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, cell division

• Modes of inheritance

• Chromosomal anomalies of oral tissues & single gene disorders

Growth & Development:

Prenatal and Postnatal development of cranium, face, jaws, teeth and supporting structures.Chronology of dental development and development of occlusion. Dimensional changes in dental arches. Cephalometric evaluation of growth.