Course Objectives:

Ø  The aim and objective of the course on Radiation Physics is to expose the students of M.Sc. class to the relatively advanced topics Radiation Physics and nuclear reactions.

Ø  They understand the details of the underlying aspects and can use the techniques if they decide to be radiation or nuclear physicists in their career.

UNIT 1    INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS WITH MATTER                                      12 Hrs.

Different photon interaction processes viz. photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production. Minor interaction processes, Energy and Z dependence of partial photon interaction processes. Attenuation coefficients, Broad and narrow beam geometries. Multiple scattering.

UNIT 2    INTERACTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES WITH MATTER                                                            12 Hrs.

Elastic and inelastic collisions with electrons and atomic nucleus. Energy loss of heavy charged particles. Range-energy relationships, Straggling. Radiative collisions of electrons with atomic nucleus.

UNIT 3    NUCLEAR DETECTORS AND SPECTROSCOPY                                                                             12 Hrs.

General characteristics of detectors, Gas filled detectors, Organic and inorganic scintillation detectors, Semi-conductor detectors [Si(Li), Ge(Li) HPGe]. Room temperature detectors, Gamma ray spectrometers. Gamma ray spectrometry with NaI(Tl) scintillation and semiconductor detectors.

UNIT 4    NUCLEAR SPECTROMETRY AND APPLICATIONS                                                                        12 Hrs.

Analysis of nuclear spectrometric data, Measurements of nuclear energy levels, spins, parities, moments, internal conversion coefficients, Angular correlation, Perturbed angular correlation, Measurement of g-factors and hyperfine fields.

UNIT 5 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES                                                                                                               12 Hrs.

Principle, instrumentation and spectrum analysis of XRF, PIXE and neutron activation analysis (NAA) techniques. Theory, instrumentation and applications of electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Experimental techniques and applications of Mossbauer Effect, Rutherford backscattering. Applications of elemental analysis, Diagnostic nuclear medicine, Therapeutic nuclear medicine.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Max. 60 Hours

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO1:       Understand various modes of interaction of electromagnetic radiations and charged particles with matter.

CO2:       Distinguish various types of radiations based on their interaction with matter.

CO3:       Learn and understand about different detectors and their use for spectroscopy.

CO4:       Use different analytical technique such as XRF, PIXE, neutron activation analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

CO5:       Understand various analysis techniques and way to apply the materials in suitable manner

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.     The Atomic Nucleus: R.D. Evans, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.

2.     Nuclear Radiation Detectors: S. S. Kapoor and V. S. Ramamurthy, New Age, International, New Delhi.

3.     Radiation Detection and Measurements: G. F. Knoll, Wiley & Sons, New Delhi.

4.     Introductory Nuclear Physics: K. S. Krane, Wiley & Sons, New Delhi.

5.     An Introduction to X-ray Spectrometry: Ron Jenkin, Wiley.

6.     Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments: W. R. Leo, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

Course Description for SPHB1104 – Physics

This course introduces engineering students to the fundamental principles of applied physics necessary for understanding materials, devices, and modern technologies. The curriculum covers:

• Properties of Matter: Elasticity, stress–strain relations, bending of beams, and torsional oscillations.

• Crystal Physics: Crystal systems, Bravais lattices, Miller indices, packing factors, and crystal growth techniques.

• Semiconductors & Magnetism: Band theory, p–n junction devices, breakdown mechanisms, and classification of magnetic materials.

• Quantum Mechanics: Wave–particle duality, Schrödinger’s equation, uncertainty principle, and applications like tunneling and STM.

• Lasers & Applications: Principles of laser action, diode lasers, quantum cascade lasers, and applications in engineering and medicine.

The associated Physics Laboratory enables hands-on experience in optics, semiconductors, elasticity, fiber optics, and modern physics experiments. Students will gain skills in measurement, data analysis, and application of physical principles to engineering systems.

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. Analyze the elastic properties of solids and determine material constants experimentally.

2. Interpret crystal structures, planes, and defects.

3. Explain semiconductor physics and magnetic materials with device-level applications.

4. Solve fundamental quantum mechanics problems and apply concepts to nanoscale systems.

5. Understand laser principles and evaluate their engineering/medical applications.

The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of following broad groupings: 1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies); 2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group (studies with this object in view are known as descriptive research studies); 3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else (studies with this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies); 4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

Unit I: Motivation  (15 hours)

Motivation – Meaning -  Approaches-Instinct - Drive reduction -  Arousal – Incentive -, Cognitive - Humanistic- Maslow’s Need hierarchy – Types-Physiological Motivation [Hunger, Thirst, Sex, Maternal drive] - Psychological motivation [Achievement, Affiliation, Power, Parenting.

Unit II: Intelligence and Assessments(15 Hours)

Concepts and nature of Individual differences – Intelligence -  Theories of intelligence- factor and cognitive theories - Characteristics of Intelligence tests - Types of Intelligence tests -  Determinants of Intelligence.

Unit III: Emotion (15 Hours)

Emotion -  Meaning - Physiological basis of emotions – Theories-James Lange Theory - Cannon Bard Theory - Cognitive Theory.

Unit IV : Personality (15 Hours)

Definition - Approaches – Psychodynamic – Humanistic - Social – Cognitive approach - Assessment of Personality – Questionnaire -  Rating Scales and Projective tests – Characteristics - Advantages and disadvantages.

 Unit V: Altered States of Consciousness (15 Hours)

Consciousness – Nature – Waking - Sleep and Daydreaming - Biological Rhythms – Circadian -  Stages  - Dreams-Content, Links between dreams and waking .

 COURSE OUTCOMES:

1.      To understand the concepts of basic psychological processes, systems and methods underlying human behaviour.

2.      To evaluate the various theories in Psychology.

3.      To apply the principles of psychology in day-to-day life for a better understanding of the self and others, particularly pertaining to the Indian context.

4.      To remember the dynamics of the important cognitive processes.

5.      To create and evaluate interventions and strategies and enhance the basic as well as higher-order cognitive functions.

6.      Students will be able to identify the major fields of study and theoretical perspectives within psychology and analyse their similarities and differences.

References:

1.Morgan,C.T, King,R.A., Weisz,J.R., and Schopler,J. (2004). Introduction to Psychology, 7th

edition,24th reprint.NewDelhi:TataMcGraw-Hill.

2. Baron, R.A. (1996). Psychology. 3ed. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.

3. Lahey, B. B. (1998). Psychology: An Introduction. New Delhi: Tata Mc Graw Hill.

4. Feldman, R. S. (2002). Understanding Psychology. New Delhi: Tata Mc Graw Hill.

5. Bootzin, R. R., Bower, G. H., Crocker, J., & Hall, E. (1991). Psychology Today. London: Mc Graw Hill.

Unit I: Introduction to Statistics (15 hours)

Introduction to Statistics: the meaning of statistics - Need and importance of statistics in psychology - Prerequisites for studying statistics- Descriptive and inferential statistics - Frequency  Distribution and Graphic representation of data: Histogram - Bar diagram - Pie Chart - Scatter Plot.

Unit II: Measures of Central Tendency and Variability (15 hours)

Computation of Mean, Median and Mode and their uses. Measures of variability: Computation of quartile and standard deviations - Cumulative distribution - Percentiles standard scores and their uses. Normal distribution curve: Characteristics and application - Kurtosis and Skewness.

Unit III: Parametric tests (15 hours)

Correlations: Meaning and methods – Characteristics - Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation - Point-Biserial Correlation and Phi - Biserial and Tetrachoric Correlation - Tests of Significance:  t- test - Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): One way and Two way Analysis of Variance,

Unit IV: Non-parametric tests (15 hours)

Spearman’s Rank Correlation –Regression: Simple linear regression – Multiple Regression - Chi Square Test - Wilcoxon signed rank test  - Mann- Whitney U test - Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test - Friedman's test

Unit V: Test construction and standardization (15 hours)

Characteristics of a good test - Steps in test construction: Item-analysis - determination of item difficulty - item discrimination -  problems of item analysis - Introduction to SPSS:  Meaning- Uses of SPSS in Statistics and Research.

OBJECTIVE:

• To study the aspects of Strength, Stiffness and Stability.
• To gain knowledge of different types of stresses, strain and deformation induced in the components due to external loads.
• To study the distribution of various stresses in the elements such as beams, shafts etc.
• To study the effect of component dimensions and shapes on the stresses and deformations.

UNIT 1:   STRESS STRAIN DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS          9 Hrs                                                                

Rigid and Deformable bodies – Strength, Stiffness and Stability – Stresses; Tensile, Compressive and Shear –Deformation of simple and compound bars under axial load – Thermal stresses and strains. Elastic constants – Relation between Elastic constants - Strain energy and unit strain energy – Strain energy in uniaxial loads.

UNIT 2:   ANALYSIS OF STRESSES IN TWO DIMENSIONS      9 Hrs                                                                                

Principal planes and stresses – Mohr’s circle for biaxial stresses – Maximum shear stress - simple problems- Stresses on inclined plane. Biaxial state of stresses – Thin cylindrical and spherical shells – Deformation in thin cylindrical and spherical shells – Efficiency of joint- Effect of Internal Pressure.

UNIT 3:   BEAMS  - LOADS AND STRESSES                  9 Hrs                                                                   

Types of beams - Supports and Loads – Shear force and Bending Moment in beams – Cantilever, Simply supported andOverhanging beams – SFD and BMD for inclined loads and couples.Stresses in beams – Theory of simple bending – Stress variation along the length and in the beam section – Effect of shape of beam section on stress induced.

UNIT 4:    TORSION                                                        9 Hrs                                                                                                                                                

Analysis of torsion of circular bars – Shear stress distribution – Bars of Solid and hollow circular section – Stepped shaft – Twist and torsion stiffness – Composite shafts Springs - Laminated springs, axial load and twisting moment acting simultaneously both for open and closed coiled springs– Deflection of helical coil springs under axial loads – stresses in helical coil springs under torsion.

UNIT 5:    BEAM DEFLECTION                             9 Hrs     

Columns – End conditions – Equivalent length of a column – Euler equation – Slenderness ratio – Rankine Gordon formula for columns.Elastic curve of Neutral axis of the beam under normal loads – Evaluation of beam deflection and slope: Double integration method, Macaulay Method, and Moment-area Method.

Max.45Hours

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On completion of the course, student will be able to

     CO1: Understand the fundamentals of Stress and Elastic Constants.

     CO2: Understand the concept of Principal stresses and thin shells.

     CO3: Construct Shear force & Bending moment diagram and Bending stress.

     CO4: Apply the Concept of Torsion for Circular Shafts and Understand the concept of Springs.

     CO5: Understand the theory of Column and Beam deflection.

     CO6: Analyze overall deflection aspects related to Strength, Stiffness and Stability.     

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Bansal R.K., “Strength of Materials”, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.,Fifth Edition,2012

2. Punmia B.C. & Jain A.K., Mechanics of Materials, ,Laxmi Publications,2001

3. Ryder G.H, “Strength of Materials, Macmillan India Ltd”., Third Edition, 2002

4. Ray Hulse, Keith Sherwin & Jack Cain, “Solid Mechanics”, Palgrave ANE Books,2004.

5. Allan F. Bower, Applied Mechanics of Solids, CRC Press, 2009, 820 pages.

END SEMESTER EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

Max. Marks : 100                Exam Duration : 3 Hrs.

PART A : 2 Questions from each unit, each carrying 2 marks              20 Marks

PART B : 2 Questions from each unit with internal choice, each carrying 16 marks   80 Marks